Integuments in plants are the maternal tissues or having a maternal origin, as they originate from the ovular tissue or chalazal tissue (a part of the female reproductive system of a flower). A term integument merely refers to the protective layer. In terms of botany, an integument is a layer encircling the ovule. After the …
Hanging drop method permits the examination of the living microorganisms, which involves fixation of microbial suspension into a drop of fluid over the glass slide. Therefore hanging drop method is the process, in which the microorganisms are suspended into a drop of fluid. It is a modified version of the wet mount technique. The shape, …
The difference between apoptosis and necrosis is mainly due to factors like: Cell death: Apoptosis is a type of cell death, which occurs by the self-annihilation of the cell. Oppositely, necrosis is a form of focal cell death caused due to the environmental perturbations. Occurrence: Apoptosis occurs to maintain the proper functioning of the cell …
Genetic codons are the gene sequences which encodes specific amino acids that polymerize to form proteins. DNA is the heritable material that serves as a source of the hereditary unit, which transfers genetic information from one to the next generations. Therefore, in a cell, DNA is a director that mediates the synthesis of proteins. A …
Protoplasm is a term used to indicate the living matter of the cell, including cytoplasm plus the nucleus. It is the colourless fluid and colloidal suspension of lipids and proteins in water. It was put forward in the year 1835 and primarily considered as the ground substance of the cell. But these days, two separate …
The difference between plasmolysis and deplasmolysis is mainly due to factors like: Water movement: In plasmolysis, the movement of water is from the cell protoplast to the surrounding and deplasmolysis cause movement of water into the cell protoplast. Water potential: Plasmolysis occurs due to the low water potential of the surrounding than the cell cytoplasm, …
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Food preservation techniques have led to an increase in the longevity or shelf life of food items by introducing different ways of preserving methods. Its study is not only important in the field of food science, but also in daily lives, to set up food businesses etc. The methods of food preservation include some inexpensive …
Trickling filter process is one of the types of aerobic wastewater treatment. It is a fixed-bed bioreactor that is the part of secondary wastewater treatment, which eliminates the coarse particles, suspended organic and inorganic waste, small colloids etc. out of the primary effluent. A trickling filter is also called biological filter, as it makes the …
Activated sludge treatment can define as a conventional method, which can separate the solid wastes, suspended organic matter, soluble matter and parasites. It is a biological system that makes the use of living bacterial flocs to degrade the organic matter of the sewage and industrial waste in aerated bioreactors. Activated sludge treatment involves a series …
Ozone formation takes place differently in the stratosphere region and the troposphere region of the earth’s atmosphere. The heat or sunlight causes chemical changes or dissociates molecules of oxygen into individual atoms, which can further react with the atmospheric oxygen to form stratospheric ozone. In contrast, the heat or sunlight causes chemical reactions in the …