Motility test can consider as the biochemical or microscopic examination of an organism to check the existence of cellular-motility. By performing this test, one can differentiate between the two major groups of bacteria, namely motile and non-motile, based on their cellular movement. Few organisms are motile, whereas few are non-motile, but all the living organisms …
The spectrophotometer measures absorption and spectral bandwidth of the given sample. Absorption is the logarithm of transmittance, i.e. Log (T), whereas transmittance is the portion of light moved through the sample. Transmittance can define as the ratio of light incidents on the test sample to the light transmits through the solution, i.e. IO/I. Spectral bandwidth …
Gluconeogenesis is a reverse cycle of the glycolytic pathway, which produce glucose by the precursors like pyruvate, lactate, glycerol etc. and also refers as Neoglucogenesis. It is a ubiquitous or universal pathway that occurs in humans, animals, plants, fungi and other living organisms. Gluconeogenesis is the opposite process to glycolysis in only three irreversible steps, …
Vermicomposting is one of the types of composting technique, which turns the organic debris into a humus-like product, by the use of earthworms. The compost produced by this method refers as “Vermicompost”. The vermicompost can merely define as earthworm’s excrement, which provides essential nutrients, aeration, porosity, structure, fertility and water-holding capacity to the soil and …
Bile solubility test is a biochemical test that distinguishes bile soluble and bile resistant α-haemolytic streptococci. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the only strain that emulsifies on reaction with bile solubility reagent, while the other α-haemolytic streptococci do not undergo such reaction. The reason for the dissolution of the Streptococcus pneumoniae is due to the presence of …
Urease test is an analytical method which is practised to identify the urease positive and negative organisms based on the production of cytosolic urease enzyme. It distinguishes the Proteus species from the non-lactose fermenting members belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Urease test makes the use of urea base. Conventionally, Stuart formulated urea broth was used …
Coagulase test is an analytical method that demarcates the staphylococci species into coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative species. Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius, S. hyicus, are the coagulase-positive organisms, whereas Staphylococcus epidermis, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, S. lugdonensis etc. are coagulase-negative organisms. Coagulase is an enzyme that can either bound to the cell surface of bacteria as “Bound …
Oxidase test checks the production of cytochrome-c oxidases, whose presence in the test organism becomes evident by the formation of the blue-purple coloured complex (indophenols) by the oxidation of TMPD (tetramethyl phenylenediamine dihydrochloride) reagent. In the reduced form, the TMPD oxidase reagent remains colourless. Therefore, we can say that the oxidase reagent functions as both …
Catalase test in one of the biochemical analysis that generally comes into use for the identification of the organisms, whether they are catalase producers or not. It is primarily used to distinguish between the two gram-positive bacteria, namely Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Streptococcus bacteria are mostly facultative anaerobes (may produce catalase), while few are obligate …
Messenger RNA abbreviated as “m-RNA” and contained specific codons encoding particular amino acids, which is later processed into proteins (as amino acids are the monomer unit of proteins). Protein is an element that is required to develop the life forms, so a cell must translate specific proteins. Therefore for the proper growth and cell development, …