Guard cells appear bean-shaped. They are found in pairs, and a gap between them constitute the stomatal pore or aperture. Therefore, two guard cells enclosing stomatal aperture colloquially form a structure called stomata. Guard cells reside in the layer of the leaf epidermis. Stomatal guard cells perform two functional roles like influx or efflux carbon …
The RBC count method comes under haemocytometry, which quantitatively measures the number of RBCs in a blood sample. Haemocytometer or Neubauer’s chamber slide is a manual method to count RBCs. Nowadays, more accurate or automated devices have been developed like electrometric and photometric counter that can count the cell constituents of the blood sample. It …
Mineral nutrition is important for plant sustainable growth and yield. The root system of plant uptakes minerals in the form of ions from the soil, while the minerals naturally remain in the soil as salts. Plants obtain basic nutrients such as C, N, H and O from the sources like air and water. Thus, roots …
Diastase Enzyme was first discovered from the malt infusion. Anselme Payen and Jean Francois Persoz originally pioneered the existence of the diastase enzyme in the year 1833. Malt diastase, amylase etc., are the alternatives names for the diastase. It is used as a substitute for an enzyme (amylase). Malt, barley seeds, plants, milk, saliva etc., …
The mechanism of enzyme action depends upon the two factors, namely enzyme’s specificity and transition state of the reactants or substrates. The enzyme’s specificity is due to its active site, which seems like a small aperture or opening. The enzyme’s active site allows specific binding of an enzyme with the substrate due to residues like …
Physical mutagenesis is a mutation in the cells, tissues and DNA of the organisms induced by physical mutagenic agents like radiation and heat. Thus, mutagenesis (muta: means changes and genesis: means origin or outset) is a phenomenon defined as the origination of any changes that can alter the gene sequence and structure, thereby causing mutation. …
The difference between pectoral and pelvic girdle is mainly due to the following factors like the type of bones contributing to the formation, association of bones and articulations. Collar bone (clavicle) and the shoulder blade (scapula) are the two types of bones contributing to shoulder muscle or pectoral girdle formation. Hip or coxal bones solely …
Human skin layers constitute the body’s outer covering that shields the internal cells, tissues, and organs against the changing environment, allergens, and pathogens. Human skin is the largest organ among the other components of the integumentary system. Besides, its immunity role, skin regulates body temperature, synthesis of vitamin-D, and sensation of touch, heat, pressure etc. …
Amitosis cell division is a form of direct cell multiplication where the nuclear and cytoplasmic contents of parent cell split between the two daughter cells via a simple cell constriction. It is a kind of growth and multiplication process that predominantly occurs in the acellular or unicellular organisms such as algae, bacteria, cyanobacteria, protozoans and …
The life cycle of Plasmodium species generally exist within the two phases (asexual and sexual) or require two living hosts (vertebrates and mosquito). Plasmodium’s asexual phase begins within the female Anopheles mosquito’s stomach, while the sexual phase starts within the human beings’ hepatic cells. Thus, the life cycle of Plasmodium mainly involves two hosts, namely …