General properties of enzyme include all the characteristics (physical and chemical), through which we could define the physical and chemical nature of an enzyme. Enzymes act like a functional biocatalyst that only cause catalysis of distinct substrates into particular products and allow the reaction to occur at an increased rate without being consumed. Thus, the …
Soil structure and texture are the physical properties that influence soil retention, drainage system, and aeration capabilities. It also defines the movement of air, water and ions within the soil, which affects other factors like seed germination, root growth, and erosion processes. Soil structure gives an idea about the arrangement of the soil particles that …
The normal flora of the human body refers to the microbial community that colonizes on the skin and mucus membrane. Normal flora is sometimes called indigenous microbiota, as they reside within or on the human’s skin surface. Diverse microflora such as bacteria, fungi and some protists are associated on or within the skin surface. Among …
A fungal cell commonly exists in two forms like moulds and yeasts. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms possessing fruiting bodies or spores. Unlike plants, they lack chlorophyll. Moulds are the type of fungus that appears filamentous and multicellular in appearance. Conversely, yeasts are the fungus-like cells that include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sporobolomyces roseus, etc. and seem unicellular …
Guard cells appear bean-shaped. They are found in pairs, and a cleft between them constitute the stomatal pore or stoma. Therefore, two guard cells enclosing stomatal aperture colloquially form a structure called stomata. Guard cells reside in the layer of the leaf epidermis. Stomatal guard cells perform two functional roles like influx or efflux carbon …
The RBC count method comes under haemocytometry, which quantitatively measures the number of RBCs in a blood sample. Haemocytometer or Neubauer’s chamber slide is a manual method to count RBCs. Nowadays, more accurate or automated devices have been developed like electrometric and photometric counter that can count the cell constituents of the blood sample. It …
Mineral nutrition is important for plant sustainable growth and yield. The root system of plant uptakes minerals in the form of ions from the soil, while the minerals naturally remain in the soil as salts. Plants obtain basic nutrients such as C, N, H and O from the sources like air and water. Thus, roots …
Diastase Enzyme was first discovered from the malt infusion. Anselme Payen and Jean Francois Persoz originally pioneered the existence of the diastase enzyme in the year 1833. Malt diastase, amylase etc., are the alternatives names for the diastase. It is used as a substitute for an enzyme (amylase). Malt, barley seeds, plants, milk, saliva etc., …
The mechanism of enzyme action depends upon the two factors, namely enzyme’s specificity and transition state of the reactants or substrates. The enzyme’s specificity is due to its active site, which seems like a small aperture or opening. The enzyme’s active site allows specific binding of an enzyme with the substrate due to residues like …
Physical mutagenesis is a mutation in the cells, tissues and DNA of the organisms induced by physical mutagenic agents like radiation and heat. Thus, mutagenesis (muta: means changes and genesis: means origin or outset) is a phenomenon defined as the origination of any changes that can alter the gene sequence and structure, thereby causing mutation. …