Oxidation pond is a type of wastewater treatment which also refers as lagoons or water stabilization pond. It is a secondary treatment of wastewater coming from industries, residential areas etc. It makes the use of microorganisms like bacteria, algae and light energy (sunlight) to stabilize the wastewater. Oxidation pond is constructed 1-1.5m deep inside the …
The root system in plants is a part which remains subterranean or underground the soil in the vascular plants. It provides strength and rigidity to the growing plant against adverse conditions. Some of the trees like a banyan tree, bonsai tree have their root system over the ground, which refers as “Aerial roots”. Unlike stems, …
Stomata in plants appear as minute pores primarily in the epidermis layer of the leaf surface and also in some of the herbaceous stems. It is originated from the Greek word “Stoma” which means mouth to relate it with the stomatal pore. A stoma is a singular form, whereas more than single stoma termed as …
Transpiration in plants is a process of water loss (in the form of water vapours) into the atmosphere, from the leaf surface and stems. A plant undergoes transpiration primarily to access carbon-dioxide needed for photosynthesis and to cool itself. As the plants are immobile, they manage their water needs by the two fundamental processes like …
Chromomycosis is a chronic fungal infection disease that infects the subcutaneous tissue of the skin and also refers to as “Chronic subcutaneous mycosis”. It mainly occurs by the diverse group of dematiaceous or black fungi. Dematiaceous fungi are the heterogeneous group of fungi, which usually forms lesions or abscesses in the subcutaneous tissue. Interaction of …
Respiration in plants is a process which makes the use of oxygen for the oxidation of glucose and other respiratory substrates like fats or proteins. Respiratory substrates are the high energy biomolecules which produce energy, carbon dioxide and water as a result of breakage in C-C bond. Plants undergo cellular respiration, which is generally of …
Germination of a plant is a phenomenon, where a seed germinates to form a new seeding or a plant. Germination process results in the emergence of the radicle (primary root) and plumule (primary shoot). A seed without germination remains dormant in a soil. Under favourable conditions, optimum temperature, oxygen, light, water etc. a seed germinates and …
The anther is a part of the flower’s male reproductive system or stamen. It carries the reproductive structures or the male gametes (pollen grains) which germinate and cause fertilization of an ovule. A male reproductive part of a flower typically consists of two elements: Filament: A filament appears as a long, slender and stalk-like structure …
Fertilization in flower is a type of sexual reproduction, where the male and female gametes of the stamen and carpel fuse to form a zygote. In a flowering plant, pollen grains released from the anthers contain two sperm cells, which are the male gametes of the flowering plant. An ovary of a flower consists a …
Pollination in flower is a mechanism of transfer of pollen grains from the male reproductory part, i.e. anther to the stigma of the female reproductive part, i.e. pistil. It is a process before fertilization of flower. Passage of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma occurs via pollinating agents or pollinators. A pollinator can …