Life cycle of adenovirus comprises of several steps like attachment, internalization, Uncoating, replication, biosynthesis, assembly and release of virus progeny. After releasing from the host cell, it infects new cells and can cause infections either for a short term or long term. Adenovirus mainly causes four kinds of infection like a productive, abortive, latent and …
Adenovirus is a type of DNA virus, which are medium-sized, non-enveloped and double-stranded. Adenovirus named after its isolation from the human adenoid tissue. It was first introduced by a scientist named Rowe who cultured and isolated adenovirus by the plasma tissue culturing. This group of virus can infect human, animals and birds. Adenovirus can cause …
Complement fixation test is a serological test which is used to detect the presence of antibody or antigen in the patient’s serum by using a complement. A complement participates in the immunological reaction and absorbs at the time of antigen and antibody binding. Complement particularly binds with the antibody, and in its absence, a complement …
Spoilage of fish is a process of deterioration in the quality of fish that changes its appearance, odour and taste. Fish spoilage can be caused by the breakdown of biomolecules like protein, amino acid and fats that are naturally found in the fish. Thus a fish can be spoiled by either chemical or biological degradation. …
Actinomycetes belong to the group of prokaryotic, gram-positive bacteria which are having a filamentous structure. Its filamentous structure resembles the fungal mycelium, which consists of a highly dense and filamentous network. Due to the filamentous structure of Actinomycetes, it also refers as “Thread or Ray bacteria”. The cell wall and the internal structure of the …
Endospore staining is a type of special staining method that makes the use of differential staining procedure to highlight the presence or absence of endospores. For the staining of endospores, a first article was published by Dorner in the year 1922. Later, the Dorner method of staining endospores has been modified by the two scientists, …
Capsule staining is a type of differential staining method which creates contrast in the microscopic image either by staining bacterial cell and background or by staining the capsule only. Therefore, capsule staining can be done by two methods, namely positive and negative staining methods. Positive staining method either stain a capsule only or can stain …
Bacterial shape and arrangement vary with species to species. Bacteria exist in many forms, but the most common types are bacilli, cocci and Spirilla. Some bacteria are pleomorphic, i.e. they live in variable shapes. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells as they have a primitive nucleus, i.e. bacteria devoid a nucleus and a nuclear membrane that surrounds …
Simple staining is one of the conventional methods of staining techniques. As from the name, it is quite clear that it is very simple and direct staining method which makes the use of a single stain only. The microorganism is invisible to the naked eye, therefore to make it visible, the staining is performed, which …
Riboflavin or Vitamin B-2 belongs to the Vitamin-B group, which are of eight kinds viz. vitamin B-1, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-6, B-7, B-9, B-12. It plays a crucial role in conversion and breaks down of protein, fats and carbohydrate to produce energy. Vitamin B-2 converts complex carbohydrates, proteins and fat into simple sugar, amino acids …