Air sampling methods make the use of impaction, impingement and centrifugal collection principle to entrap the contaminants from the known volume of the air sample. The volume of collected air is first measured, and then it is expressed in the concentration against the volume of contaminated air, either in ppm (parts per million) or (mg/m3). …
Hot air oven sterilization is a process of decontamination carried out by an electrical device that utilizes dry heat to sterilize various type of equipment or articles kept inside its chamber. It is used for sterilizing objects that cannot be subjected to wet sterilization and objects that are less prone to dry heat. It was …
Hanging drop method permits the examination of the living microorganisms, which involves fixation of microbial suspension into a drop of fluid over the glass slide. Therefore hanging drop method is the process, in which the microorganisms are suspended into a drop of fluid. It is a modified version of the wet mount technique. The shape, …
Food preservation techniques have led to an increase in the longevity or shelf life of food items by introducing different ways of preserving methods. Its study is not only important in the field of food science, but also in daily lives, to set up food businesses etc. The methods of food preservation include some inexpensive …
Trickling filter process is one of the types of aerobic wastewater treatment. It is a fixed-bed bioreactor that is the part of secondary wastewater treatment, which eliminates the coarse particles, suspended organic and inorganic waste, small colloids etc. out of the primary effluent. A trickling filter is also called biological filter, as it makes the …
Activated sludge treatment can define as a conventional method, which can separate the solid wastes, suspended organic matter, soluble matter and parasites. It is a biological system that makes the use of living bacterial flocs to degrade the organic matter of the sewage and industrial waste in aerated bioreactors. Activated sludge treatment involves a series …
Difference between absorbent and adsorbent is mainly due to the following factors like their mechanism and the phenomena they follow: Mechanism: The mechanism of absorbent and absorbent is to retain the particles or molecules, in which a former absorbs the particles into the matrix, and the latter adsorbs the particles over the solid matrix. Phenomena: …
Prokaryotic ribosomes are dense structures, which solely contain RNA and proteins. The ribosomes in the prokaryotic cell are thoroughly distributed in the cell cytosol. There are two subunits of prokaryotic ribosomes (50-S and 30-S type). 50-S and 30-S are the large and small subunits of bacteria that colloquially constitute the 70-S type of ribosome. Here, …
Inclusions in prokaryotes include certain types of food reserve granules and some monolayered non-unit membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic inclusions. Cell inclusion bodies can define as the pigmented molecules, which resides within the cell. It does not function like membrane-bound organelles but performs a pivotal role to store reserve materials. Inclusion bodies occupy within the cytosol enveloped by …
Nuclear pore complex encases the nuclear pore, which facilitates translocation of macromolecules within the cell. A nuclear envelop possesses two concentric outer and inner layer that are fused with the NPCs. Both the phospholipid nuclear membranes are isolated by the perinuclear space in between. The nuclear membrane works as a selective barrier and also protects …