The mode of nutrition in algae is primarily of three types, namely photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic. Algae show some properties similar to plants due to the presence of chloroplasts and eukaryotic cellular construction. Also, they share some features similar to animals in having flagella and centriole. Algae represent a group of highly diversified organisms that …
The difference between simple and compound leaves is due to the factors like attachment of leaves to the leaf blade and the presence of lateral bud on the leaf’s axil. Simple leaves have the undivided or partly incised leaf blade. Conversely, compound leaves possess a variable number of leaflets on a single leaf blade. Simple …
A fungal cell commonly exists in two forms like moulds and yeasts. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms possessing fruiting bodies or spores. Unlike plants, they lack chlorophyll. Moulds are the type of fungus that appears filamentous and multicellular in appearance. Conversely, yeasts are the fungus-like cells that include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sporobolomyces roseus, etc. and seem unicellular …
Guard cells appear bean-shaped. They are found in pairs, and a cleft between them constitute the stomatal pore or stoma. Therefore, two guard cells enclosing stomatal aperture colloquially form a structure called stomata. Guard cells reside in the layer of the leaf epidermis. Stomatal guard cells perform two functional roles like influx or efflux carbon …
Mineral nutrition is important for plant sustainable growth and yield. The root system of plant uptakes minerals in the form of ions from the soil, while the minerals naturally remain in the soil as salts. Plants obtain basic nutrients such as C, N, H and O from the sources like air and water. Thus, roots …
Diastase Enzyme was first discovered from the malt infusion. Anselme Payen and Jean Francois Persoz originally pioneered the existence of the diastase enzyme in the year 1833. Malt diastase, amylase etc., are the alternatives names for the diastase. It is used as a substitute for an enzyme (amylase). Malt, barley seeds, plants, milk, saliva etc., …
The difference between plant and animal cytokinesis is mainly due to the following factors like: Mode of cytokinesis Cell abscission Both the plant and the animal cell divides their cytoplasmic contents equally between the two identical daughter cells but through different mechanisms. In a plant cell, the cytoplasmic division occurs via the fusion of phragmoplast …
Integuments in plants are the maternal tissues or having a maternal origin, as they originate from the ovular tissue or chalazal tissue (a part of the female reproductive system of a flower). A term integument merely refers to the protective layer. In terms of botany, an integument is a layer encircling the ovule. After the …
Protoplasm is a term used to indicate the living matter of the cell which includes the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It is a colourless colloidal suspension of lipids and proteins in water. It was put forward in the year 1835 and was primarily considered as the ground substance of the cell. But these days, two …
ATP synthase is a transmembrane enzyme complex, which catalyses the generation of ATP through the condensation of ADP plus Pi. Its primary role is to produce high energy ATP molecule. ATP synthase brings out the formation of ATP at the time of light-reaction photosynthesis. Its working depends upon the proton gradient created in the thylakoid …