ATP synthase is a transmembrane enzyme complex, which catalyse the generation of ATP through the condensation of ADP plus Pi. Its primary role is to produce high energy ATP molecule. ATP synthase brings out the formation of ATP at the time of light-reaction photosynthesis. Its working depends upon the proton gradient created in the thylakoid …
Aestivation in plants can define as the array of the perianth (a collective term for the sepals and petals) inside a floral bud. It is important to know the plant taxonomy, in which flowers of the different family show distinct aestivation. For instance, the sepals and petals of the Hibiscus flowers that belong to the …
The floral diagram is a diagrammatical description of the properties like arrangement, position, structure, aestivation, connotation and adnation of the floral components. It was first introduced in the 19th century by the scientist named August Wilhelm Eichler. A floral diagram illustrates the different floral components by the characteristic symbols. It has a circular outline. There …
The life cycle of Achyla species involves asexual or sexual modes of reproduction. The genus Achyla includes approximately 47 species and belongs to the group of oomycetes or water mould. Few species of Achyla are phytopathogens like Achlya conspicua and Achlya klebsiana. Most of the Achyla species are aquatic, while few grow on damp soil. …
Late blight in potato is a plant disease caused by the pathogenic fungus, Phytophthora infestans. It is a potentially devastating disease that primarily found in potatoes but can also be seen in the members of the Solanaceae family, including tomatoes, petunias and hairy nightshade etc. Phytophthora infestans is a plant pathogen, which can severely affect …
A pericarp is a fraction of the fruit that constitutes the outer layer in the fruit anatomy, which encloses seed. It develops from the flower’s ovary and surrounds the seed that develops from an ovule, as a result of plant fertilization. Pericarp can be squishy or sapless. It is the edible tissue of fruit that …
Holy Basil been used from ancient times to boost up the immune system or to cure many bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. It is commonly known by the name of tulsi, and its biological name is Ocimum tenuiflorum. In today’s pollutant environment, people get easily prone to many infections and diseases, where tulsi has proven …
Difference between vascular and nonvascular plants is mainly due to the following factors: Vascular tissue: Its presence or absence distinguishes the vascular plants containing vascular tissue from the nonvascular plants those lack vascular tissue. The translocation of food, water and minerals is facilitated by the coordination of vascular vessels within root and stem. Plant taxonomy: …
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The life cycle of bryophytes has two alternations of generations, one is haploid gametophyte generation and the other is diploid saprophytic generation. In both the life cycle, the bryophytes possess different morphology and physiological functions. Between these two alternations of generation, the haploid gametophyte phase lasts longer or dominates the diploid saprophytic phase. Gametophytes (male …
Difference between succulents and cacti is mainly due to the following factors like: Presence of areole: Areole is a specialized structure from which spines, flowers, or fruits develops. Its presence is the characteristic feature of all the cactuses, while unusual in succulents. Phenotypic traits: All the cactuses are only having the stem, whereas succulents possess …