Guard cells appear bean-shaped. They are found in pairs, and a gap between them constitute the stomatal pore or aperture. Therefore, two guard cells enclosing stomatal aperture colloquially form a structure called stomata. Guard cells reside in the layer of the leaf epidermis. Stomatal guard cells perform two functional roles like influx or efflux carbon …
Mineral nutrition is important for plant sustainable growth and yield. The root system of plant uptakes minerals in the form of ions from the soil, while the minerals naturally remain in the soil as salts. Plants obtain basic nutrients such as C, N, H and O from the sources like air and water. Thus, roots …
Diastase Enzyme was first discovered from the malt infusion. Anselme Payen and Jean Francois Persoz originally pioneered the existence of the diastase enzyme in the year 1833. Malt diastase, amylase etc., are the alternatives names for the diastase. It is used as a substitute for an enzyme (amylase). Malt, barley seeds, plants, milk, saliva etc., …
The difference between plant and animal cytokinesis is mainly due to the following factors like: Mode of cytokinesis Cell abscission Both the plant and the animal cell divides their cytoplasmic contents equally between the two identical daughter cells but through different mechanisms. In a plant cell, the cytoplasmic division occurs via the fusion of phragmoplast …
Integuments in plants are the maternal tissues or having a maternal origin, as they originate from the ovular tissue or chalazal tissue (a part of the female reproductive system of a flower). A term integument merely refers to the protective layer. In terms of botany, an integument is a layer encircling the ovule. After the …
Protoplasm is a term used to indicate the living matter of the cell which includes the cytoplasm and the nucleus. It is a colourless colloidal suspension of lipids and proteins in water. It was put forward in the year 1835 and was primarily considered as the ground substance of the cell. But these days, two …
ATP synthase is a transmembrane enzyme complex, which catalyses the generation of ATP through the condensation of ADP plus Pi. Its primary role is to produce high energy ATP molecule. ATP synthase brings out the formation of ATP at the time of light-reaction photosynthesis. Its working depends upon the proton gradient created in the thylakoid …
Aestivation in plants can be defined as the arrangement of the petals and sepals, collectively called as perianth inside a floral bud before blooming. It is an important tool in the study of plant taxonomy, in which flowers of the different family show distinct aestivation. For instance, the sepals and petals of the Hibiscus flower …
The floral diagram is a diagrammatical description of the properties like arrangement, position, structure, aestivation, connotation and adnation of the floral components. It was first introduced in the 19th century by the scientist named August Wilhelm Eichler. A floral diagram illustrates the different floral components by the characteristic symbols. It has a circular outline. There …
The life cycle of Achyla species involves asexual or sexual modes of reproduction. The genus Achyla includes approximately 47 species and belongs to the group of oomycetes or water mould. Few species of Achyla are phytopathogens like Achlya conspicua and Achlya klebsiana. Most of the Achyla species are aquatic, while few grow on damp soil. …