Sepals and petals differ more or less based on their colour, shape and size. Petals are fluorescently coloured with a symmetrical or asymmetrical shape, and their size varies from plant to plant. In contrast, a sepal in most flowers appears green in colour with varying shapes and sizes. A flower is dichlamydeous when a perianth …
Hydroponic systems cultivate plants in nutrient-rich water with or without using non-soil growing media around the root system. It includes deep water culture, wick system, Ebb and flow, nutrient film technique, drip system and aeroponics. For the commercial production of plants through hydroponics, a greenhouse is recommended best to cultivate plants like tomatoes, peppers, lettuces, …
The separation of plant pigments by paper chromatography is an analysis of pigment molecules of the given plant. Chromatography refers to colour writing. This method separates molecules based on size, density and absorption capacity. Chromatography depends upon absorption and capillarity. The absorbent paper holds the substance by absorption. Capillarity pulls the substance up the absorbent …
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A Potometer experiment is performed to estimate the transpiration rate in different plants. A potometer is an apparatus used to determine the transpiration rate of the cut shoot at the desired time. It is also called a transpirometer. Using the potometer, we can record the readings of water uptaken by the cut shoot. There are …
Do you know how ferns reproduce? Well, ferns are seedless, flowerless vascular plants. But, they can undergo both asexual and sexual modes of reproduction. The majority of ferns undergo sexual reproduction through spores. If you look underside the ferns leaf, you will find a row of small spots, called sori. Such spots are visible in …
Do you know how to dissect a flower? Or, have you ever taken a close look at the outside and inside of the flower? Well, to examine each floral part, we can perform flower dissection. Flowers are aesthetic to watch and add beauty to the world. They are colourful and scented, which makes them more …
The difference between monocot and dicot stem is mainly in the arrangement and type of the vascular system. Vascular structures in the stem facilitate the upward and downward flow of water and nutrients from the root to the leaves and vice versa. The vascular bundles in the monocot stem are dispersed, whereas the monocot stem …
Seed dispersal is an essential mechanism through which spermatophytes or seed-bearing plants disperse their seeds via dispersal agents like wind, water, fruit explosion and animals. Seeds disperse into new sites where they grow or germinate under favourable conditions. Seeds first grow into seedlings and later into well-developed plants and trees, thereby providing food, shelter and …
Nastic movement is another form of curvature movement shown by some members of plants. It occurs in response to diffuse external stimuli. A stimulus that does not affect the plant’s orientation is called a diffuse stimulus. The direction of response in the nastic movement is independent of stimuli direction. Nastic movement is also referred to …
Tropic movements in plants are the types of paratonic or induced movements. Paratonic movements include both tropic and nastic movements. In this module, we will only discuss the tropic movements in plants. Various external stimuli or environmental factors like light, gravity, water, temperature, and other factors influence tropic movement. The phenomenon of tropic movements in …