Transpiration in plants is a process of water loss (in the form of water vapours) into the atmosphere, from the leaf surface and stems. A plant undergoes transpiration primarily to access carbon-dioxide needed for photosynthesis and to cool itself. As the plants are immobile, they manage their water needs by the two fundamental processes like …
Respiration in plants is a process which makes the use of oxygen for the oxidation of glucose and other respiratory substrates like fats or proteins. Respiratory substrates are the high energy biomolecules which produce energy, carbon dioxide and water as a result of breakage in C-C bond. Plants undergo cellular respiration, which is generally of …
Germination of a plant is a phenomenon, where a seed germinates to form a new seeding or a plant. Germination process results in the emergence of the radicle (primary root) and plumule (primary shoot). A seed without germination remains dormant in a soil. Under favourable conditions, optimum temperature, oxygen, light, water etc. a seed germinates and …
The anther is a part of the flower’s male reproductive system or stamen. It carries the reproductive structures or the male gametes (pollen grains) which germinate and cause fertilization of an ovule. A male reproductive part of a flower typically consists of two elements: Filament: A filament appears as a long, slender and stalk-like structure …
Fertilization in flower is a type of sexual reproduction, where the male and female gametes of the stamen and carpel fuse to form a zygote. In a flowering plant, pollen grains released from the anthers contain two sperm cells, which are the male gametes of the flowering plant. An ovary of a flower consists a …
Pollination in flower is a mechanism of transfer of pollen grains from the male reproductory part, i.e. anther to the stigma of the female reproductive part, i.e. pistil. It is a process before fertilization of flower. Passage of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma occurs via pollinating agents or pollinators. A pollinator can …
The bilayer cell membrane is a membranous structure, which consists of two phospholipid layer. Thus, a cell membrane also refers to as a phospholipid bilayer membrane. A cell membrane is composed of many phospholipid molecules. A structure of a phospholipid molecule consists of hydrophilic head, a phosphate molecule, a glycerol molecule and two hydrophobic fatty …
Gynoecium also refers as “Carpel” or “Pistil” which primarily consist of three structures, namely stigma, style and ovary. It is the female reproductive part of the flower which carries the female gametes or ovules within an ovary. On the base of the gynoecium, pedicle or thalamus is present which provides support to the female reproductive …
Riboflavin or Vitamin B-2 belongs to the Vitamin-B group, which are of eight kinds viz. vitamin B-1, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-6, B-7, B-9, B-12. It plays a crucial role in conversion and breaks down of protein, fats and carbohydrate to produce energy. Vitamin B-2 converts complex carbohydrates, proteins and fat into simple sugar, amino acids …
Xanthophyll is a type of accessory pigment or phytochemicals which belongs to the class of “Carotenoids”. In many vascular plants and algae, xanthophylls act as the light harvesting protein complexes. Xanthophylls are rich in “Antioxidants” which prevents the cells from damaging. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, the xanthophylls are usually bound to the chlorophyll molecules. Xanthophylls are …