Microprojectile bombardment is also called particle acceleration or gene gun delivery. It is one of the efficient physical methods of gene transfer in plants. Besides plants, it can also transfer genes to mammalian cells and microorganisms. It is a direct method of transferring the gene of interest to target cells. By employing this method, we …
The difference between primary and secondary metabolites produced by the bacteria lies in their origin and function. Besides bacteria, different plants and fungi produce a wide range of metabolites. This post discusses the differences between the bacteria’s primary and secondary metabolites. Also, we will study the comparison chart, definition and examples between the two. Metabolites …
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The bacteriological incubator prominently cultivates a wide range of bacteria under controlled conditions. It has extensive use in research and medical laboratories. Bacteriological incubators provide an enclosed environment for the growth of bacteria. They work under the ideal temperature range of 35°C to 37°C. This post describes the bacteriological incubator’s meaning, principle, operation, and uses. …
The anatomy of the rib cage in the human body contains twelve pairs of ribs, twelve thoracic vertebrae with one sternum and ten costal cartilages. It is a semi-solid bony and cartilaginous structure. The rib cage is also called the thoracic cage. It makes up the thorax or chest segment of our body, which exists …
Batch fermentation involves the fermentation of the substrate into products by microbial cells. This process occurs within a closed system. Unlike continuous culture, it requires the supply of limited nutrients into the fermentor. Fermentation utilizes a living microbial cell suspension. It produces various valuable products through fermentation of the raw material or substrate. In fermentation, …
The difference between axon and dendrite lies in their shape and branching. As well as, they differ in their length and function. Axons and dendrites are the cytoplasmic projections of the nerve cell body. Both play an essential role in the conduction of nerve impulses. Shape: Axons maintain a constant radius. Whereas, dendrites are thicker near …
The quadrant streaking method is one of the streaking methods extensively used to obtain a pure culture. It helps to isolate a single colony or single species from the mixed culture. Streaking involves various patterns like a quadrant, continuous and radiant. In the quadrant streaking method, a little inoculum is deposited on the first quadrant …
The WBC or leukocyte count method estimates white blood cells per microlitres of your blood. By enumerating the total number or concentration of leukocytes, you could determine the condition of your immune health. The average WBC count is between 4000 to 11000 cells/µL of blood. An increase in the concentration of leukocytes leads to a …
Chemical disinfectants either destroy, inactivate or inhibit the pathogenic growth. Disinfection eliminates various microbes, except for bacterial spores, using different chemical agents, heat or radiation. It disinfects the inanimate objects. Disinfection is classified into low-level, intermediate-level or high-level. Low-level disinfection is efficient in killing vegetative bacteria and lipid-containing viruses. Intermediate-level disinfection effectively kills bacteria, fungi …
The difference between monocot and dicot stem is mainly in the arrangement and type of the vascular system. Vascular structures in the stem facilitate the upward and downward flow of water and nutrients from the root to the leaves and vice versa. The vascular bundles in the monocot stem are dispersed, whereas the monocot stem …