Mucor

Mucor is a mould or a type of fungi, that is found everywhere. There are many species of Mucor (around 50) that are distributed worldwide. It can cause diseases particularly called mucormycosis that might affect the mucous membrane, lungs, eyes, skin etc. Mucor species are fast-growing fungi, which have a highly developed mycelium and branched …

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Spores

Spores are the single-celled structures. These are formed during the unfavourable conditions. They can survive in a harsh environment. Spores are highly resistant structures, which can withstand harsh conditions like high temperature, pH, salt concentration etc. Spores exist in variable shapes, sizes and numbers. The process of spore formation is called sporulation, and the phenomena …

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Electrophoresis

Electrophoresis separates the biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids etc. according to their size, shape, chemical charge etc. under the control of the electric field. Under the influence of the electric field, a positively charged molecule (Anion) will move towards the negatively charged electrode, i.e. Cation. The negatively charged molecule (Cation) moves towards the …

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Blood cells

The blood cells are part of the blood circulatory system. Blood is a fluid, which is pumped out by the heart, then it is circulated throughout the body and then it goes back to the heart through the process called “Circulation of blood”. It consistently flows in the circulatory system and it is also considered …

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Fermentor

A Fermentor is a device used to accomplish the fermentation process by using microorganisms, and for this reason, it is also called “Biofermentor or Bioreactor“. It is equipped with all the elements that are necessary to carry out the commercial production of substances like antibiotics, enzymes, beverages etc. in many industries. Fermentor is designed in …

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DNA Polymerase

DNA polymerase is a complex enzyme. It carries out polymerization of DNA, as it is clear from its name DNA polymerase. Sometimes, it is also called as DNA pol. In prokaryotes,  DNA polymerases are typical of three types, namely DNA pol-I, pol-II and pol-III and five types in eukaryotes, namely DNA pol-α, pol-β, pol-Ƴ, Pol- …

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Lac-Operon

Lac-operon is a system that involves the regulation of protein synthesis or the synthesis of enzymes by a set of genes. This concept can be well studied by the gene expression in prokaryotes like E.coli and other bacteria. The concept of Lac-operon was first explained by Jacob and Monad in E.coli. Lac-operon refers to the …

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