Mucor is a mould or a type of fungi, that is found everywhere. There are many species of Mucor (around 50) that are distributed worldwide. It can cause diseases particularly called mucormycosis that might affect the mucous membrane, lungs, eyes, skin etc. Mucor species are fast-growing fungi, which have a highly developed mycelium and branched …
Spores are the single-celled structures. These are formed during the unfavourable conditions. They can survive in a harsh environment. Spores are highly resistant structures, which can withstand harsh conditions like high temperature, pH, salt concentration etc. Spores exist in variable shapes, sizes and numbers. The process of spore formation is called sporulation, and the phenomena …
Electrophoresis separates the biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids etc. according to their size, shape, chemical charge etc. under the control of the electric field. Under the influence of the electric field, a positively charged molecule (Anion) will move towards the negatively charged electrode, i.e. Cation. The negatively charged molecule (Cation) moves towards the …
The blood cells are part of the blood circulatory system. Blood is a fluid, which is pumped out by the heart, then it is circulated throughout the body and then it goes back to the heart through the process called “Circulation of blood”. It consistently flows in the circulatory system and it is also considered …
The major groups of microorganisms are broadly classified into bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae and viruses, which are highly diversified in nature. The microorganisms show huge diversity among each other, but these can be broadly grouped into the five major groups that we will discuss in this content. Moreover, all types of microorganisms that belong to …
A Fermentor is a device used to accomplish the fermentation process by using microorganisms, and for this reason, it is also called “Biofermentor or Bioreactor“. It is equipped with all the elements that are necessary to carry out the commercial production of substances like antibiotics, enzymes, beverages etc. in many industries. Fermentor is designed in …
Dimorphic fungi can define as a type of fungi, which has a dual life cycle. We can understand the meaning of the term dimorphic just by breaking it into two, in which Di means two and Morphic means morphology or structure. Therefore, dimorphic fungi possess two kinds of morphology in its life cycle. This dual …
DNA polymerase is a complex enzyme. It carries out polymerization of DNA, as it is clear from its name DNA polymerase. Sometimes, it is also called as DNA pol. In prokaryotes, DNA polymerases are typical of three types, namely DNA pol-I, pol-II and pol-III and five types in eukaryotes, namely DNA pol-α, pol-β, pol-Ƴ, Pol- …
The growth curve of bacteria is a standard curve that indicates four distinct phases like log, lag, stationary, and death, showing a sigmoid growth pattern. The Growth of bacteria and other organisms is characterized by increased cell number, cell size and cell mass. Factors like temperature, pH, oxygen requirement, nutrients availability, moisture content etc., greatly influence …
Lac-operon is a system that involves the regulation of protein synthesis or the synthesis of enzymes by a set of genes. This concept can be well studied by the gene expression in prokaryotes like E.coli and other bacteria. The concept of Lac-operon was first explained by Jacob and Monad in E.coli. Lac-operon refers to the …