Botany

Difference between vascular and nonvascular plants is mainly due to the following factors: Vascular tissue: Its presence or absence distinguishes the vascular plants containing vascular tissue from the nonvascular plants those lack vascular tissue. The translocation of food, water and minerals is facilitated by the coordination of vascular vessels within root and stem. Plant taxonomy: …

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The life cycle of bryophytes has two alternations of generations, one is haploid gametophyte generation and the other is diploid saprophytic generation. In both the life cycle, the bryophytes possess different morphology and physiological functions. Between these two alternations of generation, the haploid gametophyte phase lasts longer or dominates the diploid saprophytic phase. Gametophytes (male …

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Difference between succulents and cacti is mainly due to the following factors like: Presence of areole: Areole is a specialized structure from which spines, flowers, or fruits develops. Its presence is the characteristic feature of all the cactuses, while unusual in succulents. Phenotypic traits: All the cactuses are only having the stem, whereas succulents possess …

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Lichens are the complex organisms that show a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae by possessing characteristics of both. These show polymorphism, as it exists in diversified forms (sometimes plant-like) with different colours, sizes, texture etc. Lichens are not plants, but sometimes these appear as tiny leafless branches or as flat leaf-like structures etc. In …

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Mesophytes represent the group of plants that can neither grow in the complete aquatic habitat nor the scarcity of water or dry conditions. These are the land plants that show features similar to both hydrophytes and xerophytes. These grow under favourable conditions, where the concentration of water and temperature are not too much high and …

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Adaptations in hydrophyte are of three kinds, ecological, physiological and anatomical. For the survival in an aquatic habitat, hydrophytes modify its structures like leaves, stem, roots and the physiology of the cells to adapt themselves according to the different aquatic habitats like freshwater, marine water, lakes, ponds etc. The adaptations in hydrophyte depend upon the …

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Hydrophytes represent a group of plants that are the part of the aquatic ecosystem, where most of the plants live in water or the soil saturated with water. The higher plants of hydrophytes have been evolved from the mesophytes. These sometimes refer as “Macrophytes” and are the common components of wetland. These plants live in …

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Difference between hypogynous and epigynous flower is mainly due to the following factors, namely the position of an ovary and attachment of perianth and androecium. Position of the ovary: An ovary is a flower’s female reproductive structure that constitutes Gynoecium along with stigma and style. A hypogynous flower consists of a superior ovary, whereas epigynous flower …

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Corolla in plants is a second whorl that completes the perianth together with the layer of the calyx. It generally comprises several petals whose primary function is similar to the role of calyx that is to protect the flower reproductive structures. Corolla is also a sterile part of the flower. It can be tubular, funnel-shaped, wheel-shaped …

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Calyx in plants merely refers as an outermost whorl that is sterile or non-reproductive structure constituting perianth. Group of sepals unitedly refer as the calyx. Thus, sepals are nothing but the modified leaves that account for the formation of the flower’s outermost whorl. It can be regular or irregular in size and shape, and the …

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