The citrate utilization test distinguishes different genera of enteric group based on the property of citrate utilization through an enzyme catalyst (Citrase). Test organisms form many by-products by the time they utilize citrate incorporated in the test media. By the complete hydrolysis of citrate, an alkaline product (sodium carbonate) forms that cause alkalinity in the …
Indole test is a biochemical test determining and classifying the bacteria based on their tendency to decompose amino acid (Tryptophan) into a heterocyclic organic compound (Indole). It is a part of a biochemical method popularly known as the IMViC test, in which ‘I’ stands for the indole test. Indole is one of the end products …
Bacterial conjugation is a gene transfer mechanism introduced by the scientists named Lederberg and Tatum in 1946. The conjugation method was first studied in Escherichia coli. The formation of a conjugation tube is the characteristic feature of a conjugation mechanism. Besides transduction and transformation mechanisms, some bacteria passes the genetic information from a donor to …
Mitotic division shows a pattern of cell division, where a single cell multiplies into two similar daughter cells by the segregation of newly replicated chromosomes in the nucleus. It is the intermediate phase of the cell division that activates after the G-2 interphase and ends with cytokinesis. Mitosis is a part of the M-phase cell …
The centrifugation method separates different components or the suspended particles from the homogenous solution through centrifugal force. A natural gravitational force can also concentrate particles but in an indefinite time. To increase particle separation efficiency, a centrifugal force function to separate particles by sedimentation property. It separates particles based on their physical properties like size, …
Mendelian inheritance is an approach that explains the traits or characters inherit from one generation to another by the discrete units or genes. “Mendelism” or Mendelian inheritance was introduced by the Austrian monk Gregor Johann Mendel. Sir Mendel has honoured as “Father of Genetics” for his great efforts to explain the theory of inheritance that …
The difference between RBC and WBC is mainly due to the following properties like colour, morphology and function. RBC stands for Red blood cell. WBC stands for white blood cell. Colour: The terms (red blood cell and white blood cell) clear the colour difference. The reason behind the red colour of the RBCs is due …
The shoot system of the plant is an outgrowth that originates from the plumule of the seed’s embryo above the ground. The term shoot is generally interchangeable with the term stem, as it constitutes the major part of the shoot system. The morphology and physiology of the shoot system are more complex than the root …
SOS repair or “bypass” or “Emergency” repair is one of the DNA repair mechanisms introduced in 1975 by a scientist named Miroslav Radman. SOS repair primarily recovers the DNA damage caused due to environmental stresses. It serves as a regulatory system, which comprises many complex inducer proteins that repair the damaged DNA. SOS system also …
Parenchyma in plants is the types of simple permanent tissue that possesses some ideal properties that discriminate it from the other cells. Cell division: Parenchyma tissues cannot undergo cell division. Vacuole: They comprises a large vacuole. Nature: Structurally and physically, parenchyma is a kind of unspecialised tissue. Modification: Parenchyma modifies itself to perform diverse functions …