A Fermentor is a device used to accomplish the fermentation process by using microorganisms, and for this reason, it is also called “Biofermentor or Bioreactor“. It is equipped with all the elements that are necessary to carry out the commercial production of substances like antibiotics, enzymes, beverages etc. in many industries. Fermentor is designed in …
Dimorphic fungi can define as a type of fungi, which has a dual life cycle. We can understand the meaning of the term dimorphic just by breaking it into two, in which Di means two and Morphic means morphology or structure. Therefore, dimorphic fungi possess two kinds of morphology in its life cycle. This dual …
DNA polymerase is a complex enzyme. It carries out polymerization of DNA, as it is clear from its name DNA polymerase. Sometimes, it is also called as DNA pol. In prokaryotes, DNA polymerases are typical of three types, namely DNA pol-I, pol-II and pol-III and five types in eukaryotes, namely DNA pol-α, pol-β, pol-Ƴ, Pol- …
The growth curve of bacteria is a standard curve that indicates four distinct phases like log, lag, stationary, and death, showing a sigmoid growth pattern. The Growth of bacteria and other organisms is characterized by increased cell number, cell size and cell mass. Factors like temperature, pH, oxygen requirement, nutrients availability, moisture content etc., greatly influence …
Lac-operon is a system, which involves the regulation of protein synthesis or the synthesis of enzymes by the set of genes. This concept can be well studied by the gene expression in prokaryotes like E.coli and other bacteria. The concept of Lac-operon was first explained by Jacob and Monad in E.coli. Lac-operon refers to the …
Ozone depletion is the process of destruction of the ozone layer in the stratospheric region. It can adversely affect various living forms. Ozone depletes by the many pollutants that are emitting out from the vehicles, industries etc. Ozone layer depletion is one of the major environmental issues, which needs to be controlled as the layer …
A Bacteriophage possesses viral proteins, which can disrupt their host cell, i.e. Bacteria. It first attaches to the susceptible bacterial cell and injects its genetic material into the host cell. The viral genome within the host cell takes over the cell machinery and uses the bacterial components to release viral proteins. Eventually, the viral proteins …
The rhizosphere is a term, which was first introduced by a scientist L.Hiltner. It is the region that is a few distances (2-80mm) extended from the root system. It can also define as a zone, which favours the physical and chemical activity of the microorganisms and responsible for the intense microbial activity. The rate of …
The difference between passive and active transport is mainly due to the two properties, like the movement of particles and the use of ATP. The movement of particles: It occurs from a high to a low concentration in passive diffusion, whereas the particles move from a low to a high concentration in active transport. Use …
Definition: Immobilization can define as the enticement of an enzyme to a solid support. Enzyme immobilization is a process, which encloses the enzyme molecules to an absolute phase from a bulk phase. The bulk phase consists of substrates, effectors and inhibitors. Enzyme molecule impounds in or on some suitable matrix that is having a definite …