DNA generally exists in three common types (represented as B, A and Z forms). Besides B, A and Z forms, DNA may rarely exist as A, C and E forms. Therefore, DNA possesses six different forms that are either in a left or right-handed fashion, under appropriate physiological conditions. Inspite of the above six forms, DNA …
Actinomycetes belong to the group of prokaryotic, gram-positive bacteria those are having a filamentous structure. Its filamentous structure resembles the fungal mycelium, which consists of a highly dense and filamentous network. Due to the filamentous structure of actinomycetes, it is also termed as thread or ray bacteria. The cell wall and the internal structure of …
The production of streptomycin requires the stock culture of Streptomyces griseus, proper nutrient medium and the other growth-promoting substances. Streptomycin is an antibiotic that shows a broad spectrum against the gram-negative bacteria and is the first antibiotic to cure TB. In 19th October 1943, a scientist Albert Schatz from the Rutgers University was the first …
A restriction enzyme is produced within the bacterial cell due to which it is also called “Restriction endonuclease”. In 1978, Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O Smith won the Nobel Prize for the characterization and discovery of restriction enzyme during the study of Entero-bacteriophage. According to their study, the bacteria possess some restriction activity that …
Dot blot technique is a method of identifying DNA, RNA and Protein in the sample. It is the simplified form of Southern, Northern and Western blotting for DNA, RNA, and protein isolation, respectively. This method can detect the presence or absence of biomolecule in a single run. Dot blot technique is a prevalent method in …
Southern hybridization is the technique, first given by the scientist E. M. Southern in 1975. It is a type of blotting method that involves transferring the DNA from the solid agarose gel to the adsorbent medium like nitrocellulose or nylon filter paper. Southern blotting is done after DNA hybridization. The target DNA is first cleaved …
Colony hybridization is the method first given by the scientists Grinstein and Hogness in the year 1975. This method isolates the specific DNA sequences or genes from the hybrid DNA. Colony hybridization makes the use of the nitrocellulose filter paper. This technique is very much similar to the replica plating. Colony hybridization involves replicas preparation …
Biohydrogen is now commercially produced as a biofuel. It is the advanced biofuel, which makes the use of living biomass or organisms for the production. Biohydrogen is now considered best among all the biofuels as it accounts to fulfil all the energy demands as it can be obtained from the sustainable resources like: Biological splitting …
Animal cell culture is one of the important tools now in the field of life science. It is the in-vitro technique, in which the cells are grown in the laboratory conditions under proper nutrient source, growth factors and the controlled environmental conditions for the cell growth and division. The cells in the animal cell culture …
Meristem culture particularly involves the cultivation of the shoot apical meristem. This technique is also called a shoot tip or apical meristem culture. It was reported in the year 1952 by the scientist’s named Morel and Martin. Orchid cymbidium was micropropagated using this culture by Morel in 1965. The meristem culture is very much similar …