The physiology of excretion is the study of different metabolic activities that occur inside our body, and it gives an idea of which organs and tissues facilitate the excretion mechanism. Sometimes, we get confused with the terms excretion and egestion. Excretion is a mechanism of eliminating metabolic wastes from the body, while egestion is the …
The difference between succulents and cacti is mainly due to the following factors: Presence of areole: Areole is a specialized structure from which spines, flowers, or fruits develops. Its presence is the characteristic feature of all cactuses, while unusual in succulents. Phenotypic traits: All cactuses have a stem, whereas succulents possess a root system, stem …
Gel filtration chromatography is one of the chromatography methods that facilitate particles separation based on molecular size. Size exclusion, molecular sieve and gel permeation chromatography are the alternative names of gel filtration chromatography. The porous gel matrix is the stationary phase that contains a hydrated, sponge-like material. Oppositely, the buffer solution or aqueous phase functions …
Macrophages differentiate from monocytes. They are specialized immune cells that primarily recognize the foreign particles and cell remains through toll-like receptors. Then, they phagocytose foreign particles by amoeboid movements through phagocytosis. Macrophages also play a functional role in presenting foreign particles to the T cells and thereby causing the destruction of potential pathogens. They activate …
Lichens are complex organisms that show a mutualistic relationship between fungi and algae by possessing characteristics of both. They show polymorphism by existing in diversified forms (sometimes plant-like) with different colours, sizes, and textures. Lichens represent the close association or symbiotic association of fungi with few algae and cyanobacteria. Lichens are not plants, but at …
T cell or thymus cell lymphocyte is one of the immune cells, which grows in the thymus gland. It performs a significant role in stimulating an adaptive immune response. T lymphocytes are different from the other immune cells in having T-cell receptors or TCRs on their cell surface. TCRs exist as a heterodimer protein complex …
The dark reaction of photosynthesis refers to the phase that doesn’t need light energy or photons to complete the cycle and hence also called the light-independent photosynthetic phase. Dark reaction or Calvin cycle was first explained by a scientist named Melvin Calvin. It occurs at the site of the chloroplast within the fluid surrounding the …
The difference between photosystem I and photosystem II is primarily due to the difference in active reaction centre and photon absorption. P700 is the active reaction centre of PS-I, while P680 is the active reaction centre of PS-II. PS-I absorbs light of a longer wavelength (between 725-1035 nm), while PS-II absorbs light of a shorter …
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The difference between cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation is mainly due to the following factors: Type of photosynthesis: Cyclic photophosphorylation occurs during anoxygenic photosynthesis, while noncyclic photophosphorylation occurs in oxygenic photosynthesis. ATP synthesis: ATP synthesis during the cyclic electron flow of anoxygenic photosynthesis is known as cyclic photophosphorylation. ATP production during the noncyclic electron flow of …
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Reaction centre refers to the site of photosynthetic reactions. Chlorophyll and pheophytin are the pigments found in a reaction centre. It comprises protein pigments that mediates light absorption and excitation of an electron to the higher energy state. Photosynthetic organisms like green plants, many bacteria and algae have membrane-bound protein complexes or reaction centres that …