Fluorescence microscopy uses a fluorescence mechanism to generate an image and optical sectioning for high resolution. It is available in different designs. The epifluorescence microscopes have the most common and simple setup, while confocal microscopes have a sophisticated setup. Epifluorescence microscope has prominent applicability in different laboratories, which allow excitation of reactive dyes and detection …
Autoclave or steam sterilization is a moist heat sterilizing technique that has prominent applicability in laboratories, industries, and hospitals to purify different samples, equipment and glassware. It uses high-pressure steam to destroy bacterial cells and fungal spores. It is one of the types of steam sterilizers that removes contaminants from the goods as a regular …
A pericarp is a fraction of the fruit that constitutes the outer layer in the fruit anatomy, which encloses the seed. It develops from the flower’s ovary and surrounds the seed that develops from an ovule after the flower’s fertilization. Pericarp can be squishy or sapless. The pericarp constitutes the edible tissue of fruit. Exocarp, …
PCR amplification or Molecular photocopying is a popular method used to amplify the short DNA fragments. PCR is an acronym used for Polymerase chain reaction. It provides a modern, inexpensive, and rapid method of amplifying specific DNA sequences, while the traditional method was quite time-consuming (requires several days or a week). Polymerase chain reaction can yield million …
Sense of smell is one of the senses processed by our nervous system to let us know more about our surroundings and the things we consume to keep the body healthy and safe. The sense of smell is a set of information coming through the nose. The sensory organ comprises specialized cells and tissues that …
Holy Basil has been used to boost the immune system or cure many bacterial, fungal, and viral infections of ancient times. It is commonly known by the name of tulsi, and its biological name is Ocimum tenuiflorum. In today’s pollutant environment, people get easily prone to many infections and diseases, where tulsi has proven to …
The difference between vascular and nonvascular plants is mainly characterized based on the presence or absence of vascular tissues and their categorization in the plant taxonomy. The presence or absence of vascular tissue distinguishes the vascular plants containing lignified vascular tissues from the nonvascular plants that lack a specialized vascular system. The translocation of food, …
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The life cycle of bryophytes has two alternations of generations, one is haploid gametophyte generation, and the other is diploid saprophytic generation. In both the life cycle, the bryophytes possess different morphology and physiological functions. The haploid gametophyte phase lasts longer or dominates the diploid saprophytic phase between these two alternations of generations. Heterosporous bryophytes …
Phylum Porifera is placed in the kingdom Animalia and regarded as the oldest animal group. The term Porifera merely refers to pore bearers that include Poriferans or pore bearing animals. Poriferans or sponges possess small pores on their entire body and some wide openings. The members of Phylum Porifera are metazoans that show a cellular …
The difference between the food chain and the food web is mainly due to the network of links and the number of trophic levels the organisms form in the different ecosystems. A food chain is a one-way pathway that includes a linear network of linking organisms. In contrast, a food web shows a complex network …