The active site of an enzyme is the site which shows the highest metabolic activity by catalysing the enzyme-substrate complex into the products. The active site is found deep inside the enzyme which resembles a hole or small depression. An active site is a region which attaches the substrate molecule with the enzyme and thus …
Watson and Crick model of DNA provides one of the best ways to demonstrate the structure of double helix DNA. A DNA is a polymer which is composed by the combination of several monomer units refers as “Deoxyribo nucleotides” linked by the phosphodiester bond. In the discovery of DNA, many scientists have explicated the structure …
Meselson and Stahl Experiment gave the experimental evidence of DNA replication to be Semi-conservative type. It was introduced by the Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in the year 1958. Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl have used E.coli as the “Model organism” to explain the semiconservative mode of replication. There are three modes of replication which …
Hershey and Chase Experiment is a very popular experiment which provides evidence of DNA as “Genetic material”. It was introduced by the two scientists A.D. Hershey and Martha Chase in the year 1952. After seven years of an experiment given by the Avery, Hershey and Chase gave the further proof of DNA as genetic material …
Restriction enzyme refers to as “Restriction endonuclease” which was discovered during the study of Entero-bacteriophage where the E.coli inhibits the phage activity. In 1978, Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O Smith won the Nobel Prize for the characterization and discovery of restriction enzyme. Restriction endonuclease also refers to as “Molecular scissors” which are widely used …
Transfer RNA is a type of RNA which acts as the “Intermediary element” which plays a significant role in the loading and transferring of amino acids to the site of protein synthesis, i.e. Ribosome. The t-RNA first decodes the information or the nucleotide sequences carried by the m-RNA. Therefore, t-RNA also plays a major role …
Flagella and pili are the two surface appendages found commonly in prokaryotes. There are some significant differences between the flagella and pili which distinguishes both of them by the following properties like structure, emergence and functional role. Structure: The structure of flagellum is whip-like whereas the structure of pili is thread or hair-like. Emergence: The …
Amphibians and reptiles are the animals which belong to the phylum “Chordata” and are “Cold-blooded animals”. The significant differences between amphibians and reptiles are due to the differences in the properties like life cycle, fertilization and skin type. Amphibians have dual existence in their life cycle, whereby getting birth they adapt themselves to the aquatic …
Agglutination Reaction is the immunological reaction where the specific antigen and antibody reaction takes place in vitro. Agglutination can define as the clumping reaction where clumps or aggregates are formed. As a result of agglutination, a cross-linked structure forms which refer as “Lattice” that appears in the form of visible aggregates. Agglutination reaction is a sensitive, …
A precipitation reaction is a test which is involved in the serology, for the detection of antigens and antibodies. It is the reaction, where the soluble reactants, i.e. antigen and antibody are converted into the aggregated form. The sensitivity of the precipitation reaction is comparatively less than the other immunoassay reactions. For the precipitation reaction, polyclonal …