Riboflavin or Vitamin B-2 belongs to the Vitamin-B group, which are of eight kinds viz. vitamin B-1, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-6, B-7, B-9, B-12. It plays a crucial role in conversion and breaks down of protein, fats and carbohydrate to produce energy. Vitamin B-2 converts complex carbohydrates, proteins and fat into simple sugar, amino acids …
Xanthophyll is a type of accessory pigment or phytochemicals which belongs to the class of “Carotenoids”. In many vascular plants and algae, xanthophylls act as the light harvesting protein complexes. Xanthophylls are rich in “Antioxidants” which prevents the cells from damaging. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, the xanthophylls are usually bound to the chlorophyll molecules. Xanthophylls are …
Membrane filtration method is an alternative to the MPN method for the microbiological analysis of water. Sometimes, it also refers as “Millipore filter technique” or “MF technique”. The Millipore filter technique was named by the two scientists Goetz and Tsuneishi in 1951. Membrane filtration method makes the use of membrane filter, or we can say …
A most probable number method is applied in the water analysis for the qualitative and quantitative determination of microorganisms present in the water mainly coliforms. In abbreviated form, it usually represented as “MPN” and popularly known by the name of Multiple tube fermentation test. MPN method determines the quality of water by quantifying the number of …
The production of streptomycin requires the stock culture of Streptomyces griseus, proper nutrient medium and the other growth promoting substances. Streptomycin is an antibiotic which shows broad spectrum against the gram-negative bacteria and the first antibiotic to cure TB. In 19th October 1943, a scientist Albert Schatz from the Rutgers University was the first to …
Acetic acid production also refers to as “Vinegar production”. The production of acetic acid or vinegar undergoes two steps modification by two different microorganisms. The first step involves the conversion of sugar into ethanol by the yeast mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the second step, oxidation of ethanol into acetic acid takes place by the bacteria …
A Production of citric acid is an industrial process, which makes the use of raw materials like substrates, citric acid growth promoting microorganisms and enzymes etc. for the commercial production of citric acid. Generally, the commercial production of citric acid works out best by employing the method of fermentation. Globally, there is around 7, 36,000 …
The difference between template and coding strand is mainly due to the following properties like directional polarity and their function. Both are the two different strands of the double-stranded DNA, where template strand works as a template or base to transcribe mRNA, and the other determines the correct base sequence of the mRNA. Directional Polarity: …
A nucleotide is a compound which can form a polynucleotide chain by uniting nitrogenous bases with hydrogen bonding and sugar-phosphate group by a phosphodiester bond. There is another term that refers as “Nucleoside” which consist of two components, mainly nitrogenous bases and pentose sugar. Therefore, nucleotides can also define as the structural compound, which includes …
The bright field microscopy produces an image with a coloured specimen having lightened background. Generally, the microorganisms do not absorb light but after staining, the organisms get the ability to absorb the light. The optical lens, i.e. condenser lens and the path of light coming from the light source illuminator produce a bright field image …