Exocytosis is a means of membrane transportation that expels the intracellular material out of the cell. The transport of the substance is mediated by the vesicles that eliminate the cell debris and release specific proteins, enzymes, hormones etc., outside the cell. It is a type of active transport mechanism that makes the use of ATP. …
Cheese production or Caseiculture makes the use of raw materials, bacterial culture, and rennet to process the end-product, i.e. cheese. Cheese comes in different varieties by the differences in the ingredients and the processing of cheese. Cheesemaking is accomplished by using milk, either in a raw or pasteurized form. Depending upon the processing method, cheese …
Mesophytes represent the group of plants that can neither grow in the complete aquatic habitat nor the dry or water-scarce conditions. They are the land plants showing features similar to both hydrophytes and xerophytes. They grow under favourable conditions, where the concentration of water and temperature are not too high and not too much low. …
Adaptations in hydrophyte are of three kinds, ecological, physiological and anatomical. To survive in the aquatic habitat, hydrophytes modify their structures like leaves, stem, roots and the physiology of the cells to adapt themselves according to the different aquatic habitats like freshwater, marine water, lakes, ponds. The adaptations in hydrophyte depend upon the conditions like …
Hydrophytes represent a group of plants, which are part of the aquatic ecosystem, where most of the plants live in water or the soil saturated with water. The higher plants of hydrophytes have been evolved from the mesophytes. These sometimes refer as macrophytes and are the common components of wetland. The plants live in such …
The difference between hypogynous and epigynous flower is mainly due to the following factors, namely the position of an ovary, the attachment of the perianth and androecium. Position of the ovary: An ovary is a flower’s female reproductive structure, which constitutes gynoecium along with the stigma and style. Hypogynous flowers consist of a superior ovary, …
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Corolla in plants is a second whorl, which completes the perianth in combination with a layer of the calyx. It generally comprises several petals whose primary function is similar to the role of the calyx, which protects the flower reproductive structures. Corolla is also a sterile part of the flower. It can be tubular, funnel-shaped, …
Calyx in plants merely refers to a sterile outermost whorl or non-reproductive structure, which constitutes perianth. A group of sepals unitedly forms a calyx. Thus, sepals are nothing but the modified leaves, which account for forming the flower’s outermost whorl. It can be regular or irregular in size and shape, and the number may also …
Phytochrome in plants exists as a soluble protein pigment, which carries out photomorphogenic growth. It is present almost in all eukaryotic plants and first discovered by a scientist named Sterling Hendricks and Herry Borthwick in 1940-1960. Warren Butler gave the term phytochrome. In 1983, Peter and Clark were the two scientists who introduced chemical purification …
Photoperiodism merely refers to the potential of the plant to incite flowering relative to the changes in the photoperiod. Thus, photoperiod is a light duration or the length of day and night, while photoperiodism is the effect of light duration on the plant’s growth. Depending upon the photoperiodic effect on flowering, the plants are grouped …