AIDs stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. The causative agent of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is HIV that stands for Human Immuno Deficiency Virus. AIDs is a severe and life-threatening disease that has no cure but could be controlled by proper vaccination and medication. ART (Anti-Retroviral Therapy) is the only control measure that uses a combination …
Refining of metal is one of the processes which involves the separation of impurities like sand particles, other metals etc. from the metal of choice. Therefore, refining of metal comes under the science of studying the metal’s physical and chemical properties, called Metallurgy. The methods for refining metals vary according to the type and use …
Animal cell culture is one of the important tools now in the field of life science. It is the in-vitro technique, in which the cells are grown in the laboratory conditions under proper nutrient source, growth factors and the controlled environmental conditions for the cell growth and division. The cells in the animal cell culture …
Meristem culture particularly involves the cultivation of the shoot apical meristem. This technique is also called a shoot tip or apical meristem culture. It was reported in the year 1952 by the scientist’s named Morel and Martin. Orchid cymbidium was micropropagated using this culture by Morel in 1965. The meristem culture is very much similar …
Ovary culture is the in-vitro technique carried outside, i.e. on a suitable nutrient medium to grow new haploid plants by taking an unpollinated flower. The ovary culture process is called gynogenesis because an ovary is a female reproductive part called gynoecium. Gynogenesis was first studied by a scientist named San Noem in the year 1976. For …
Pentose phosphate pathway also called HMP pathway that stands for Hexose Mono- Phosphate Pathway. It is very different from the other pathways, where it neither releases ATP nor consumes ATP during the process. It is a metabolic pathway that occurs in all types of cells and tissues. In the liver, 30% of glucose is metabolized …
The qualitative analysis of carbohydrate is the significant test for detecting and classifying the carbohydrate, depending on the colour change followed by the chemical reactions. Carbohydrate is an organic biomolecule that is having a chemical formula Cm (H2O) n. The carbohydrate consists of three atoms viz. carbon, hydrogen and oxygen as the main constituent, where the …
Adenosine Tri-phosphate is an organic compound that is considered as the coin of energy, which gives energy for many cellular processes. It is a nucleoside triphosphate, which contains adenine (a nitrogenous base), a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups. ATP is a type of chemical energy, which produces energy by the breakdown of one phosphate …
ELISA test stands for Enzyme–Linked Immunosorbent Assay. It is a type of serological test and immunoassay technique. In the ELISA test, an enzyme links to the antibodies particularly to detect the presence of proteins like antigens. The ELISA method was evolved from the RIA technique in the 1960s. Therefore, the ELISA technique is more or …
Gram staining is used widely and the most popular method in laboratories. It is the type of differential staining, which makes the use of more than one stains to differentiate the bacteria. The gram staining method was first given in 1884 by the Danish scientist and Physician Han’s Christian Gram. The Gram stain is the differential …