Activated sludge treatment can define as a conventional method, which can separate the solid wastes, suspended organic matter, soluble matter and parasites. It is a biological system that makes the use of living bacterial flocs to degrade the organic matter of the sewage and industrial waste in aerated bioreactors. Activated sludge treatment involves a series …
Difference between absorbent and adsorbent is mainly due to the following factors like their mechanism and the phenomena they follow: Mechanism: The mechanism of absorbent and absorbent is to retain the particles or molecules, in which a former absorbs the particles into the matrix, and the latter adsorbs the particles over the solid matrix. Phenomena: …
Prokaryotic ribosomes are dense structures, which solely contain RNA and proteins. The ribosomes in the prokaryotic cell are thoroughly distributed in the cell cytosol. There are two subunits of prokaryotic ribosomes (50-S and 30-S type). 50-S and 30-S are the large and small subunits of bacteria that colloquially constitute the 70-S type of ribosome. Here, …
Inclusions in prokaryotes include certain types of food reserve granules and some monolayered non-unit membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic inclusions. Cell inclusion bodies can define as the pigmented molecules, which resides within the cell. It does not function like membrane-bound organelles but performs a pivotal role to store reserve materials. Inclusion bodies occupy within the cytosol enveloped by …
The nuclear pore complex encases the nuclear pore, which facilitates the translocation of macromolecules within the cell. A nuclear envelope possesses two concentric outer and inner layers fused with the NPCs. Both the phospholipid nuclear membranes are isolated by the perinuclear space in between. The nuclear membrane works as a selective barrier protecting inner nuclear …
The difference between induction and repression of operon is mainly characterized by the factors like regulation and the fundamental role of both systems. The operon system in prokaryotes regulates the expression of enzymes necessary to turn on or off the metabolic pathway. The regulatory gene of the inducible operon forms an active repressor protein whose …
Tryptophan operon is found within the genome of E.coli, which carries a set of genes constructing an essential amino acid, tryptophan. Sometimes, it is also termed as trp operon. Unlike lactose or lac operon, trp operon is a repressible system discussed in this article. A scientist named Charles Yanofsky and his co-workers explicitly studied the …
Nutrient agar is a standard media used for growing and isolating a broad class of microorganisms. It is the most popular media generally available in all laboratories to enumerate different bacteria. The enumeration of different bacteria from different samples like soil, water, sewage, food etc., can be carried out by using such media by employing …
Fluorescence microscopy uses a fluorescence mechanism to generate an image and optical sectioning for high resolution. It is available in different designs. The epifluorescence microscopes have the most common and simple setup, while confocal microscopes have a sophisticated setup. Epifluorescence microscope has prominent applicability in different laboratories, which allow excitation of reactive dyes and detection …
Autoclave or steam sterilization is a moist heat sterilizing technique that has prominent applicability in laboratories, industries, and hospitals to purify different samples, equipment and glassware. It uses high-pressure steam to destroy bacterial cells and fungal spores. It is one of the types of steam sterilizers that removes contaminants from the goods as a regular …