Watson and Crick model of DNA provides one of the best ways to demonstrate the structure of double-helix DNA. A DNA is a polymer composed by the combination of several monomer units (deoxyribonucleotides) linked by the phosphodiester bond. In the discovery of DNA, many scientists have contextualized the structure of DNA, its components and composition …
Meselson and Stahl experiment gave the experimental evidence of DNA replication to be semi-conservative type. It was introduced by the Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in the year 1958. Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl have used E.coli as the “Model organism” to explain the semiconservative mode of replication. There are three modes of replication introduced …
Hershey and Chase experiment give practical evidence in the year 1952 of DNA as genetic material using radioactive bacteriophage. Griffith also explained the transformation in bacteria and concluded that the protein factor imparts virulence to the rough strain, but it was not proved to be genetic material. Avery, Macleod and McCarthy further studied the Griffith …
Transfer RNA is an RNA type that acts as the intermediary element, and plays a significant role in the loading and transferring amino acids to the site of protein synthesis, i.e. Ribosome. The t-RNA first decodes the information or the nucleotide sequences carried by the m-RNA. Therefore, t-RNA also plays a major role in translating …
Agglutination reaction is an immunological assay, which results in the specific antigen and antibody reaction in vitro. Agglutination purely refers to the clumping or aggregation of the particles. As a result of agglutination, a cross-linked structure or lattice appears in the form of visible aggregates. Agglutination reaction is a sensitive, easy and cost-effective method to carry …
A precipitation reaction is a test involved in the serology, for the qualitative and quantitative detection of antigens and antibodies. It is a reaction, where the soluble reactants (antigen and antibody) convert into an aggregated form. The sensitivity of the precipitation reaction is comparatively less than the other immunoassay reactions. For the precipitation reaction, polyclonal …
The difference between precipitation and agglutination reaction is primarily due to the factors like the size of the antigen, solubility of antigen, and the reaction’s sensitivity. Both methods are prevalently employed to detect antigens and antibodies. Size of antigen: The size of the antigen in precipitation reaction is larger than the agglutination reaction. The solubility …
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Post harvest loss is one of the biggest problems affecting economic growth globally. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) estimates that 1/3rd of loss in the food products occur every year. The loss depends upon the type of crop that is to be cultivated. As the fruits and vegetables are perishable, so their chances are …
Transformation in bacteria was first studied by a scientist Frederick Griffith in 1928. According to Griffith, the DNA or gene transfer can occur either naturally or artificially from one type of bacteria to another. For example, Transformation of non-virulent strain to a virulent cell or vice versa. To explain the transformation principle, Griffith performed certain …
Microbial interaction is a biological interaction where the microorganisms’ effect on the other biotic components of the ecosystem can be studied. The study of microorganisms is termed microbiology, and the microbial interacting within the ecosystem comes under microbial ecology. Microbial interaction can be positive and negative, or the microbes may affect (positively or negatively) the …