Arabinose operon is the operon system found in the bacterial cell which is used to breakdown the arabinose. This kind of operon provides energy to the cell by the breakdown of arabinose into Xylulose phosphate. Arabinose provides energy in the form of a carbon source to the bacterial cell. The bacteria utilize this carbon source …
The microbial food spoilage is one type of food spoilage that is caused by microorganisms. Food spoilage can define as the process in which the quality of the food deteriorates to some extent which is inconsumable for the person to eat. Food spoilage occurs as a result of the microbial attack, enzymatic digestion, chemical degradation, …
Isolation of bacteria is a primary method to separate different groups of microorganisms. It is the method which helps us to differentiate different groups of organisms. It is the method, which allows us to discriminate different groups of bacteria on the basis of “Growth Pattern”. Different bacteria grow differently on the different nutrient medium based …
Mu phage also refers as “Temperate or transposable phage” because Mu-phage causes transposition of the genes into the host cell, at the time of multiplication. It mainly attacks the members or species of enterobacteria family and that’s why also known as “Enterobacterial phage Mu”. The transposition of Mu-phage occurs by either of the two mechanisms: Replicative …
Thymine and Uracil are the two nucleotide bases which are found in the DNA and RNA respectively. The main difference between thymine and uracil is due to the property of “Occurrence”. The occurrence of both thymine and uracil is the property that distinguishes these two, as thymine is a pyrimidine nitrogenous base found in Deoxyribonucleic …
HIV stands for Human Immuno Deficiency Virus. It belongs to the group of Retrovirus which consist of positive single-stranded RNA. HIV was first isolated from the lymph node of the patient by Montagnier and Barre Sinoussi who won Nobel prize in the year 2008. The symmetry of HIV is icosahedral. Human Immuno Deficiency virus is enveloped …
AIDs stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. The causative agent of Acquired Immuno Deficiency syndrome is HIV which stands for Human Immuno Deficiency Virus. Acquired Immuno Deficiency syndrome is a severe, life-threatening disease which has no cure but could control to some extent by the proper vaccination and medication. ART (Anti-Retroviral Therapy) is the only …
Pentose phosphate pathway also refers to “HMP- pathway” stands for Hexose Mono- Phosphate Pathway. It is very different from the other pathways, where it neither releases ATP nor consumes ATP during the process. Pentose phosphate pathway occurs in all types of cells and tissues. In the liver, 30% of glucose is metabolized by the Pentose …
Adenosine Tri-phosphate is the organic compound which is the “Coin of Energy” that gives energy for many biochemical cellular processes. ATP is a type of chemical energy which produces by the breaking down of chemical bonds in the ATP molecule or breakdown of a phosphate group. All living cells need energy for the cellular respiration …
ELISA test stands for Enzyme–Linked Immunosorbent Assay. It is a type of serological test and immunoassay technique. In the ELISA test, an enzyme links to the antibodies particularly to detect the presence of proteins like Antigens. The ELISA method was evolved from the RIA technique in the 1960s. Therefore ELISA technique is more or less …